以playwright脚本为例,详解Python with as处理异常的原理
在Python中,with as语句用于对上下文管理器进行操作,上下文管理器可以定义一个代码块的运行时上下文,使得代码块在进入和退出时可以自动执行特定的操作。with as语句可以简化打开文件、网络连接等资源的处理,避免因为程序异常退出而导致这些资源没有被释放。
在playwright脚本中,with as语句经常用于创建和管理浏览器实例。当使用playwright启动浏览器时,如果浏览器无法启动或者在执行操作过程中出现异常,就需要及时关闭浏览器以释放资源,避免占用系统资源。
下面是一个使用with as语句处理异常的playwright脚本示例:
```python
from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, sync_playwright
class Browser:
def __init__(self, browser_name: str):
self.playwright: Playwright = sync_playwright().start()
self.browser = None
self.browser_name = browser_name.lower()
def __enter__(self) -> Playwright:
if self.browser_name == "chromium":
self.browser = self.playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
elif self.browser_name == "firefox":
self.browser = self.playwright.firefox.launch(headless=False)
else:
raise ValueError("Unsupported browser name")
return self.playwright
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
if self.browser is not None:
self.browser.close()
self.playwright.stop()
try:
with Browser("chromium") as playwright:
page = playwright.new_page()
page.goto(" /> assert "baidu" in page.title()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
```
在这个脚本中,我们自定义了一个Browser类来管理浏览器实例,实现了__enter__和__exit__两个方法。在with语句开始执行时,会调用__enter__方法,通过判断浏览器类型启动相应的浏览器实例,并返回playwright对象。当with语句结束时,无论程序是否出现异常,都会调用__exit__方法来关闭浏览器实例和playwright对象,释放资源。
如果在使用playwright期间出现异常,将会被捕获并打印异常信息。通过使用with as语句处理异常,可以避免因为未处理异常而导致的资源泄露和程序崩溃。